Full text: Counter-espionage Law of the People's Republic of China (which has just came into effect on July 1, 2023)

Chapter I：General Provisions

Article 1: This Law is formulated on the basis of the Constitution so as to strengthen counter-espionage efforts, to prevent, stop and punish acts of espionage, to preserve national security, and to protect the people's interests.

Article 2: Counter-espionage efforts are to uphold the centralized and unified leadership of the …